Tellurite glass based optical fiber for the investigation of supercontinuum generation and nonlinear properties
Ruhul Amin, Lway Faisal Abdulrazak, Shaymaa R. Tahhan, Noor Mohammadd, Kawsar Ahmed, Francis M. Bui, Sobhy M. Ibrahim
Abstract
Abstract This manuscript introduces a unique tellurite core-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with silica clad and circular air holes, which manifests highly birefringent and non-linear characteristics. Several optical features, such as birefringence (Br), nonlinear coefficients (NLC), dispersion (D), confinement loss (CL), material loss, etc are thoroughly analyzed and explored by applying the finite element method (FEM). The simulated outcomes validate that by optimizing the formation of the cladding region, a large NLC of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>7650</mml:mn> <mml:mspace width=".25em"/> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Km</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:math> as well as an ultra-high Br of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>11.2810</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> and zero-dispersion can be accomplished in the offered PCF design at 1.56 μ m wavelength. Moreover, the evaluated findings indicate that the stated fiber structure is capable of generating a wide supercontinuum spectrum spanning from <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>943</mml:mn> </mml:math> to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>8038</mml:mn> <mml:mspace width=".25em"/> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">nm</mml:mi> </mml:math> when augmented with a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>4.5</mml:mn> <mml:mspace width=".25em"/> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">kW</mml:mi> </mml:math> input power and a pulse duration of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>20</mml:mn> <mml:mspace width=".25em"/> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> </mml:math> Calculations and analyses have been carried out on the effects of higher-order dispersion co-efficients, pulse length and input power on spectrum broadening. The advanced PCF design will be a suitable candidate for practical applications in numerous fields, including bio photonics, biomedical imaging, biosensing, spectroscopy and ultra-broadband signal amplification, etc.