Graphene-Type Materials for the Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Step in the QuEChERS Method for the Extraction of Brominated Flame Retardants from <i>Capsicum</i> Cultivars
Virgínia Cruz Fernandes, Valentina F. Domingues, Marta Nunes, Renata Matos, Iwona Kuźniarska‐Biernacka, Diana M. Fernandes, A. Guerrero-Ruı́z, I. Rodrı́guez-Ramos, Cristina Freire, Cristina Delerue‐Matos
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide A new application of graphene-type materials as an alternative cleanup sorbent in a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) procedure combined with GC–ECD/GC–MS/GC–MS/MS detection was successfully used for the simultaneous analysis of 12 brominated flame retardants in Capsicum cultivar samples. The chemical, structural, and morphological properties of the graphene-type materials were evaluated. The materials exhibited good adsorption capability of matrix interferents without compromising the extraction efficiency of target analytes when compared with other cleanups using commercial sorbents. Under optimal conditions, excellent recoveries were obtained, ranging from 90 to 108% with relative standard deviations of <14%. The developed method showed good linearity with a correlation coefficient above 0.9927, and the limits of quantification were in the range of 0.35–0.82 μg/kg. The developed QuEChERS procedure using reduced graphite oxide (rGO) combined with GC/MS was successfully applied in 20 samples, and the pentabromotoluene residues were quantified in two samples.