IMPACT OF SOME TREATMENTS ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING VIGOUR OF KANGAR (GUNDELIA SP. L.)
Aram Akram Mohammed, Abid Mahmood, Hemn Abdalla Mustafa, Tehseen Ahmed, Diouf Omar, Haidar Arkwazee, Hoshman Omar Majeed, Nadeem Tahir
Abstract
of Sulaimani, Kurdistan region-Iraq to study the effect of various treatments such as removing fruit layers, soaking seeds in distilled water, GA3 with 100 and 200 ppm, Moringa oleifera leaf extract with various concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g/L) for 24 h and subjecting the seeds to freezing temperature at -2 C for 24 and 48 h on Kangar (Gundelia sp) seed germination and growth. Removing the seed coat and submerging seeds in 200 and 100 ppm recorded the highest germination percentages of 50, 46.67 and 33.33%, respectively. Removing the seed coats enhanced leaf proliferation (1.67). Moreover, maximum lateral root number (23.34), leaf length (7.42 cm) and leaf width (1.70 cm) were achieved in soaking seeds in 100 ppm GA3. Whereas, the highest taproot length was observed after soaking the seeds with 200 ppm GA3, which reached at 16.6 cm. In addition, the seeds that were treated with moringa leaf extract exhibited the highest chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations, at 1.5 g/L. In most aspects, removing the seed coat and GA3 were noticeably more effective for promoting Gundelia seed germination.