[Retracted] Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology and Emerging Therapies
Cosimo Andrea Stamerra, Paolo Di Giosia, Paolo Giorgini, Claudio Ferri, Vasily N. Sukhorukov, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Abstract
Mitochondria ensure the supply of cellular energy through the production of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. The alteration of this process, called mitochondrial dysfunction, leads to a reduction in ATP and an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial dysfunction can be caused by mitochondrial/nuclear DNA mutations, or it can be secondary to pathological conditions such as cardiovascular disease, aging, and environmental stress. The use of therapies aimed at the prevention/correction of mitochondrial dysfunction, in the context of the specific treatment of cardiovascular diseases, is a topic of growing interest. In this context, the data are conflicting since preclinical studies are numerous, but there are no large randomized studies.