Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase: A Review of This Enzyme Role in the Intestinal Barrier Function
Gilberto Maia Santos, Shámila Ismael, Juliana Morais, João R. Araújo, Ana Faria, Conceição Calhau, Cláudia Marques
Abstract
Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IALP) has recently assumed a special relevance, being the subject of study in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases related to leaky gut. This brush border enzyme (ecto-enzyme) plays an important role in the maintenance of intestinal microbial homeostasis and intestinal barrier function through its ability to dephosphorylate lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This review addresses how IALP and intestinal barrier dysfunction may be implicated in the pathophysiology of specific diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, and metabolic syndrome. The use of IALP as a possible biomarker to assess intestinal barrier function and strategies to modulate IALP activity are also discussed.