Strategies to Improve Participation of Older Adults in Cancer Research
Jennifer Liu, Eutiquio Gutierrez, Abhay Tiwari, Simran Padam, Daneng Li, William Dale, Sumanta K. Pal, Daphne Stewart, Shanmugga Subbiah, Linda D. Bosserman, Cary A. Presant, Tanyanika Phillips, Kelly Yap, A. B. Hill, Geetika Bhatt, Christina Yeon, Mary Cianfrocca, Yuan Yuan, Joanne Mortimer, Mina S. Sedrak
Abstract
Cancer is a disease associated with aging. As the US population ages, the number of older adults with cancer is projected to dramatically increase. Despite this, older adults remain vastly underrepresented in research that sets the standards for cancer treatments and, consequently, clinicians struggle with how to interpret data from clinical trials and apply them to older adults in practice. A combination of system, clinician, and patient barriers bar opportunities for trial participation for many older patients, and strategies are needed to address these barriers at multiple fronts, five of which are offered here. This review highlights the need to (1) broaden eligibility criteria, (2) measure relevant end points, (3) expand standard trial designs, (4) increase resources (e.g., institutional support, interdisciplinary care, and telehealth), and (5) develop targeted interventions (e.g., behavioral interventions to promote patient enrollment). Implementing these solutions requires a substantial investment in engaging and collaborating with community-based practices, where the majority of older patients with cancer receive their care. Multifaceted strategies are needed to ensure that older patients with cancer, across diverse healthcare settings, receive the highest-quality, evidence-based care.