Benchmarking Class Incremental Learning in Deep Learning Traffic Classification
Giampaolo Bovenzi, Alfredo Nascita, Lixuan Yang, Alessandro Finamore, Giuseppe Aceto, Domenico Ciuonzo, Antonio Pescapè, Dario Rossi
Abstract
Traffic Classification (TC) is experiencing a renewed interest, fostered by the growing popularity of Deep Learning (DL) approaches. In exchange for their proved effectiveness, DL models are characterized by a computationally-intensive training procedure that badly matches the fast-paced release of new (mobile) applications, resulting in significantly limited efficiency of model updates. To address this shortcoming, in this work we systematically explore Class Incremental Learning (CIL) techniques, aimed at adding new apps/services to pre-existing DL-based traffic classifiers without a full retraining, hence speeding up the model’s updates cycle. We investigate a large corpus of state-of-the-art CIL approaches for the DL-based TC task, and delve into their working principles to highlight relevant insight, aiming to understand if there is a case for CIL in TC. We evaluate and discuss their performance varying the number of incremental learning episodes, and the number of new apps added for each episode. Our evaluation is based on the publicly available <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathtt {MIRAGE19}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dataset comprising traffic of 40 popular Android applications, fostering reproducibility. Despite our analysis reveals their infancy, CIL techniques are a promising research area on the roadmap towards automated DL-based traffic analysis systems.