Best Practice Recommendations for Geriatric Dysphagia Management with 5 Ws and 1H
Ebru Umay, Sibel Eyigör, Gülistan Bahat, Meltem Halil, Esra Giray, Pelin Ünsal, Zeliha Ünlü, Canan Tıkız, Meltem Vural, Aslı Tufan, Serkan Bengisu, Eda Gürçay, Kemal Keseroğlu, Banu Aydeniz, Elif Celik Karaca, Burak Karaca, Ahmet Yalçın, Cemile Özsürekçi, Dilek Seyidoglu, Özlem Yılmaz, Sibel Alicura Tokgöz, Serhat Tokgöz, Barın Selçuk, Ekin İlke Şen, Ali Yavuz Karahan, Ayşe Yalıman, Serdar Özkök, Birkan İlhan, Merve Güner, Zeynel Abidin Öztürk, Sibel Akın, Betül Yavuz, Mazlum Serdar Akaltun, Aylin Sarı, Murat İnanır, Meral Bilgilisoy Filiz, Zuhal Çaliskan, Güleser Saylam, Tugce Ozer, Yasemin Eren, Derya Hopancı Bıçaklı, Dilek Keskin, Zekeriya Ülger, Aylin Demirhan, Yalkın Çalık, Bülent Saka, Zeynep Aykın Yığman, Erhan Arif Öztürk
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dysphagia is a geriatric syndrome. Changes in the whole body that occur with aging also affect swallowing functions and cause presbyphagia. This condition may progress to oropharyngeal and/or esophageal dysphagia in the presence of secondary causes that increase in incidence with aging. However, no study has been published that provides recommendations for use in clinical practice that addresses in detail all aspects of the management of dysphagia in geriatric individuals. This study aimed to answer almost all potential questions and problems in the management of geriatric dysphagia in clinical practice. METHODS: A multidisciplinary team created this recommendation guide using the seven-step and three-round modified Delphi method via e-mail. The study included 39 experts from 29 centers in 14 cities. RESULTS: Based on the 5W and 1H method, we developed 216 detailed recommendations for older adults from the perspective of different disciplines dealing with older people. CONCLUSION: This consensus-based recommendation is a useful guide to address practical clinical questions in the diagnosis, rehabilitation, and follow-up for the management of geriatric dysphagia and also contains detailed commentary on these issues.