Challenges to Space Activities in the Context of Mega Satellite Constellations: A Focus on Environmental Impacts
Sheer Abbas
Abstract
The advent of low Earth orbit (LEO) mega satellite constellations to accelerate high-speed internet worldwide represents a new technological advancement. However, this development raises concerns regarding militarization, orbital debris, environmental protection, and their effects on space tourism. Despite these challenges, existing space law treaties have not addressed these issues. This article highlights the gaps in current treaties and emphasizes the need for advancements to mitigate emerging challenges and ensure long-term solutions. This study explores the legal challenges associated with possible smashes flanked by existing satellites in orbit and newly launched satellites as part of mega-constellations, which could jeopardize mission safety and threaten the sustainability of space activities. It also analyzes the significant issues related to space debris, particularly given the anticipated increase in satellite constellations in LEO over the coming decades. The increase in small satellites with shorter lifespans is likely to contribute to greater debris generation. Finally, these findings suggest the need for a suitable international legal structure to facilitate the efficient deployment and operation of satellite techniques.