A Systematic Analysis of Subgroup Research in Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics
Wenhan Wu, Xiaoping Zheng
Abstract
Pedestrian and evacuation dynamics provide valuable insights into the understanding of human collective motion and have important implications for architectural design, safety management, and transportation science. In social and biological systems, the macroscopic patterns are displayed at the group level, whereas the microscopic behaviors are presented at the individual level. As an intermediate layer, subgroups play a crucial role in linking these two distinct levels of observation and have become one of the important research topics in this field. However, a comprehensive review is still lacking for summarizing current advancements around this topic. Therefore, this paper proposes a survey framework to conduct a systematic review of subgroup research from the following four aspects: data collection and extraction, analysis of phenomena and behaviors, modeling and simulations, and applications and solutions. More critically, a series of research gaps in each aspect are explicitly determined to help researchers grasp unsolved problems. Finally, we present future avenues to narrow the research gaps, which are expected to bring inspiration and guidance for subsequent studies.