Ultimate Resourcization of Waste: Crab Shell-Derived Biochar for Antimony Removal and Sequential Utilization as an Anode for a Li-Ion Battery
Xinyue Zhang, Yao Wang, Na Ju, Yongjian Ai, Yangyang Liu, Jiaxing Liang, Zenan Hu, Rongxiu Guo, Wenjuan Xu, Wei Zhang, Yang Qi, Dun Niu, Qionglin Liang, Hongbin Sun, Yang Yang
Abstract
The development of high-capacity adsorbents is pivotal for the removal of antimonite (Sb(III)) and antimonate (Sb(V)) as priority pollutants in water. Herein, a Fe-La-doped biomass carbon adsorbent (Cs/Fe-La) was prepared for efficient removal of both Sb(III) and Sb(V). Cs/Fe-La shows excellent adsorption behavior for both Sb(III) and Sb(V) at 40 °C with a maximum capacity of 498 and 337 mg/g, respectively. Additionally, the antimony adsorption mechanism and the contribution of Cs/Fe-La composition to high capacity were analyzed based on the characterization of physicochemical analysis and adsorption studies, and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model as well as the Langmuir model fit the results well. Remarkably, considering the secondary pollution caused by direct disposal of antimony-containing waste adsorbents, an antimony-enriched waste adsorbent (Cs/Fe-La-SbOx) was used as an anode material for a Li-ion battery. The heat-treated waste adsorbent exhibited good cycling performance with a reversible specific capacity of 833.8 mAh/g after 500 cycles. This work has demonstrated a promising pathway that can achieve the removal and sustainable utilization of antimony simultaneously by minimizing antimony contamination and maximizing the recycling of antimony-enriched adsorbents.