Detection of Penicillin G Produced by <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> with Raman Microspectroscopy and Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least-Squares Methods
Shumpei Horii, Masahiro Ando, Ashok Zachariah Samuel, A Take, Takuji Nakashima, Atsuko Matsumoto, Yōko Takahashi, Haruko Takeyama
Abstract
Raman microspectroscopy is a minimally invasive technique that can identify molecules without labeling. In this study, we demonstrate the detection of penicillin G inside Penicillium chrysogenum KF425 fungal cells. Raman spectra acquired from the fungal cells had highly overlapped spectroscopic signatures and hence were analyzed with multivariate curve resolution by alternating least-squares (MCR-ALS) to extract the spectra of individual molecular constituents. In addition to detecting spatial distribution of multiple constituents such as proteins and lipids inside the fungal body, we could also observe the subcellular localization of penicillin G. This methodology has the potential to be employed in screening the production of bioactive compounds by microorganisms.