Novel Keto-Alkyl-Pyridinium Antifungal Molecules Active in Models of <i>In Vivo</i> Candida albicans Vascular Catheter Infection and <i>Ex Vivo</i> Candida auris Skin Colonization
Sarah R. Beattie, Taiwo E. Esan, Robert Żarnowski, Emily F. Eix, Jeniel E. Nett, David R. Andes, Timothy J. Hagen, Damian J. Krysan
Abstract
New antifungal therapies are needed for both systemic, invasive infections in addition to superficial infections of mucosal and skin surfaces as well as biofilms associated with medical devices. The resistance of biofilm and biofilm-like growth phases of fungi contributes to the poor efficacy of systemic therapies to nonsystemic infections. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of a novel keto-alkyl-pyridinium scaffold with broad spectrum activity (2 to 16 μg/mL) against medically important yeasts and molds, including clinical isolates resistant to azoles and/or echinocandins. Furthermore, these keto-alkyl-pyridinium agents retain substantial activity against biofilm phase yeast and have direct activity against hyphal A. fumigatus. Although their toxicity precludes use in systemic infections, we found that the keto-alkyl-pyridinium molecules reduce Candida albicans fungal burden in a rat model of vascular catheter infection and reduce Candida auris colonization in a porcine ex vivo model. These initial preclinical data suggest that molecules of this class may warrant further study and development for nonsystemic applications.