Greater Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport, as Well as Greater Present and Future Knee‐Related Self‐Efficacy, Can Increase the Risk for an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Re‐Rupture: A Matched Cohort Study
Ramana Piussi, Susanne Beischer, Roland Thomeé, Christoffer Thomeé, Mikael Sansone, Kristian Samuelsson, Eric Hamrin Senorski
Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine the psychological characteristics and strength outcomes of patients who sustained an early anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) re-rupture after their primary ACL reconstruction and cross-sectionally compare them with a matched cohort of patients who did not sustain a reinjury during the first 2 years after primary ACL reconstruction. METHODS: In this matched cohort study, data for quadriceps and hamstring strength and 3 hop tests and answers to standardized patient-reported outcomes (the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport after Injury scale and a short version of the Knee Self-Efficacy Scale) were extracted from a rehabilitation outcome registry. Data for patients suffering a re-rupture were extracted, and patients were matched in terms of sex, age, and activity level with patients not suffering an ACL re-rupture within 2 years of primary reconstruction. The groups were compared 10 weeks and 4, 8, and 12 months after the primary reconstruction. RESULTS: A total of 36 patients suffering an ACL re-rupture were matched with 108 patients not suffering a re-rupture after ACL reconstruction. Patients who suffered an ACL re-rupture had greater psychological readiness, that is, greater confidence in performance, lesser negative emotions, and lesser risk appraisal, to return to sport (RTS) at 8 months (81.2 vs 67.9 [95% Δconfidence interval {CI} 2.7-23.8) P = .014) and at 12 months (95.2 vs 67.1, (95% ΔCI 14.3-41.8) P ≤ .001), and greater knee-related self-efficacy at 8 months (8.6 vs 8.0 [95% ΔCI 0.1-1.2], P = .021) and 12 months (9.4 vs 8.1, [95% ΔCI 0.3-2.2] P = .012) after primary ACL reconstruction, compared with the matched group. CONCLUSIONS: A stronger psychological profile, defined by a greater psychological readiness to RTS and knee-related self-efficacy, may be associated with an ACL re-rupture within 2 years of the primary reconstruction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Matched cohort study, level III.