Litcius/Paper detail

On Foundational Discretization Barriers in STFT Phase Retrieval

Philipp Grohs, Lukas Liehr

2022Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications30 citationsDOIOpen Access PDF

Abstract

Abstract We prove that there exists no window function $$g \in {L^2(\mathbb {R})}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and no lattice $${\mathcal {L}} \subset \mathbb {R}^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⊂</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> such that every $$f \in {L^2(\mathbb {R})}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is determined up to a global phase by spectrogram samples $$|V_gf({\mathcal {L}})|$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> where $$V_gf$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> denotes the short-time Fourier transform of f with respect to g . Consequently, the forward operator $$\begin{aligned} f \mapsto |V_gf({\mathcal {L}})| \end{aligned}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtable> <mml:mtr> <mml:mtd> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>↦</mml:mo> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:mtd> </mml:mtr> </mml:mtable> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> mapping a square-integrable function to its spectrogram samples on a lattice is never injective on the quotient space "Equation missing" with $$f \sim h$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> identifying two functions which agree up to a multiplicative constant of modulus one. We will further elaborate this result and point out that under mild conditions on the lattice $${\mathcal {L}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> </mml:math> , functions which produce identical spectrogram samples but do not agree up to a unimodular constant can be chosen to be real-valued. The derived results highlight that in the discretization of the STFT phase retrieval problem from lattice measurements, a prior restriction of the underlying signal space to a proper subspace of $${L^2(\mathbb {R})}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is inevitable.

Topics & Concepts

AlgorithmComputer scienceMathematical Analysis and Transform MethodsSeismic Imaging and Inversion TechniquesGeophysical Methods and Applications