A 6 year assessment of low sea-ice impacts on emperor penguins
Peter T. Fretwell
Abstract
Sea ice, and particularly land-fast sea ice, is crucial for emperor penguins as a breeding and moulting platform and foraging habitat (Barbraud & Weimerskirch 2001). Emperor penguins use land-fast sea ice as a breeding platform to raise their chicks, from egg hatching in late July to mid-August until fledging, typically between mid-December and early January.
Topics & Concepts
EmperorSea iceFledgeForagingMoultingGeographyHatchingArctic ice packOceanographyFast iceFisheryEcologyAntarctic sea iceBiologyGeologyLarvaArctic and Antarctic ice dynamicsAvian ecology and behaviorCryospheric studies and observations