The effect of liquid temperature on bubble-size distribution in the presence of power ultrasound and carbon tetrachloride
Aissa Dehane, Slimane Merouani, Oualid Hamdaoui
Abstract
Abstract Acoustic cavitation-induced sonochemistry is employed for a variety of industrial and laboratory-scale physical and chemical applications, including cleaning, nanomaterial synthesis, and destruction of water contaminants. In acoustic bubbles, CCl 4 pyrolysis can totally alter the bubble sonochemistry as well as the active bubble-size population. The present theoretical work provides the unique study on the effect of liquid temperature on the size distribution of acoustically active bubbles in the presence of CCl 4 (i.e., precursor of reactive chlorine species, RCS, and scavenger of hydrogen atom in pyrolytic reactions) in the bulk liquid. An updated reaction scheme for CCl 4 sonopyrolysis is used. It was found that the sonopyrolysis of CCl 4 within the bubble reduces its maximal temperature, but it notably increases its maximal molar yield. For lower CCl 4 concentrations (≤ 0.1 mM), the broadness of active bubbles range for the total oxidants yield increased proportionally with the rise of liquid temperature from 20 to 50 °C. Nevertheless, the increase of CCl 4 concentration amortizes this width increase over the same range of liquid temperature (20–50 °C). At higher concentrations of CCl 4 (> 0.1 mM), the broadness of the active bubbles range becomes approximately constant and independent of the liquid temperature and CCl 4 concentration.