Antibacterial efficacy, calcium ion release, and pH using calcium hydroxide with three vehicles
DiatriNari Ratih, Ema Mulyawati, Henytaria Fajrianti
Abstract
<b>Context:</b> Vehicles combined with calcium hydroxide, as an intracanal medicament, play a key factor in affecting antibacterial, calcium release, and pH.<br><b>Aims:</b> The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of three vehicles (glycerin, chlorhexidine gluconate/CHX, and chitosan nanoparticle) combined with calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament on antibacterial efficacy against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, calcium ion release, and pH of at different interval times of 7 and 14 days.<br><b>Settings and Design:</b> The research was experimental laboratory.<br><b>Materials and Methods:</b> Each study used 24 samples of eight teeth each and was randomly divided into three groups based on the vehicle of calcium hydroxide: group 1: glycerin, group 2: CHX, and group 3: chitosan nanoparticles. Each vehicle group was then further divided into two subgroups of four teeth based on the interval times (group A: 7 days and group B: 14 days). The antibacterial efficacy was determined using an agar diffusion method. Calcium ion release was analyzed with atomic absorption spectrometry, and pH was measured using a pH meter.<br><b>Statistical Analysis Used:</b> Data from each study were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test with a significance level of 95%.<br><b>Results:</b> The results exhibited that chitosan nanoparticles had the highest antibacterial efficacy against <i>E. faecalis</i>, calcium ion release, and pH, while the lowest was glycerin at 7 and 14 days (<i>P</i> < 0.05).<br><b>Conclusion:</b> Calcium hydroxide combined with chitosan nanoparticle as an intracanal medicament produced the highest antibacterial efficacy against <i>E. faecalis</i>, calcium ion release, and pH than glycerin and CHX at intervals of 7 and 14 days.<br>