Biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles: Multifunctional potential applications in anticancer, antibacterial, and <i>B. subtilis</i> DNA gyrase docking
Samy Selim, Salem S. Salem, Medhat E. Owda, Mohammed S. Almuhayawi, Hattan S. Gattan, Mohammed H. Alruhaili, Amna A. Saddiq, Shaimaa Hussein, Mohammad M. Al‐Sanea, Soad K. Al Jaouni
Abstract
Abstract In this work, extracts from okra fruit are used to create zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in an economical and environmentally friendly manner. During the synthesis process, okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus ) extracts served as stabilizing and reducing agents. Various analytical methods were used to describe the final nanoparticles. The outcomes showed that the produced ZnO NPs primarily exhibited hexagonal shapes, with sizes ranging from 20 to 27 nm in diameter. The cytotoxicity study, conducted on human fibroblast normal HFB4 cell lines, indicated that the IC 50 dose was 227.8 μg·mL −1 . The IC 50 dose of 119.7 μg·mL −1 was found in antitumor effect studies using breast adenocarcinoma Mcf-7 cell lines, revealing a good level of safety for ZnO NPs. Compared to Gram-negative infections, the ZnO NPs were found to have a significantly higher anti-bacterial impact against Gram-positive pathogens. Molecular docking against DNA gyrase A subunit of Bacillus subtilis (PDB ID: 4DDQ) illustrated that the ZnO NPs were interlocked with the active site of 4DDQ by a fitting energy value of −50.91 kcal·mol −1 through three classical hydrogen bonds with Asp96, Thr220, and Ala221. The last one is also generated by the marketing tromethamine drug (TRS), adding some TRS-like character to the ZnO NP inhibitor.