Double Majorana vortex zero modes in superconducting topological crystalline insulators with surface rotation anomaly
Shingo Kobayashi, Akira Furusaki
Abstract
The interplay of time-reversal and $n$-fold rotation symmetries ($n=2,4,6$) is known to bring a new class of topological crystalline insulators (TCIs) having $n$ surface Dirac cones due to a surface rotation anomaly. We show that the proximity-induced $s$-wave superconductivity on the surface of these TCIs yields a topological superconducting phase in which two Majorana zero modes are bound to a vortex, and that $n$-fold rotation symmetry ($n=2,4,6$) enriches the topological classification of a superconducting vortex from ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ to ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$. Using a model of a three-dimensional high-spin topological insulator with $s$-wave superconductivity and twofold rotation symmetry, we show that, with increasing chemical potential, the number of Majorana zero modes at one end of a vortex changes as $2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ through two topological vortex phase transitions. In addition, we show that additional magnetic-mirror symmetry further enhances the topological classification to $\mathbb{Z}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathbb{Z}$.