Development of High-Throughput Experimentation Approaches for Rapid Radiochemical Exploration
Eric Webb, Kevin Cheng, Wade P. Winton, Brandon Klein, Gregory D. Bowden, Mami Horikawa, S. Wendy Liu, Jay S. Wright, Stefan Verhoog, Dipannita Kalyani, Michael K. Wismer, Shane W. Krska, Melanie S. Sanford, Peter J. H. Scott
Abstract
Positron emission tomography is a widely used imaging platform for studying physiological processes. Despite the proliferation of modern synthetic methodologies for radiolabeling, the optimization of these reactions still primarily relies on inefficient one-factor-at-a-time approaches. High-throughput experimentation (HTE) has proven to be a powerful approach for optimizing reactions in many areas of chemical synthesis. However, to date, HTE has rarely been applied to radiochemistry. This is largely because of the short lifetime of common radioisotopes, which presents major challenges for efficient parallel reaction setup and analysis using standard equipment and workflows. Herein, we demonstrate an effective HTE workflow and apply it to the optimization of copper-mediated radiofluorination of pharmaceutically relevant boronate ester substrates. The workflow utilizes commercial equipment and allows for rapid analysis of reactions for optimizing reactions, exploring chemical space using pharmaceutically relevant aryl boronates for radiofluorinations, and constructing large radiochemistry data sets.