Nanozyme-Based Therapy in Gout
Shiying Huang, Peng Yang, Yuming Yuan, Shengli Wan, Jingxin Xu, Jiawei Fu, Qunyou Tan, Jingqing Zhang
Abstract
Despite the availability of numerous pharmacological agents for gout, conventional chemical therapies frequently provoke toxic adverse effects (e.g., hepatorenal toxicity), whereas uricolytic biologics exemplified by uricase-based formulations remain constrained by drug resistance and prohibitive costs. Gout persists as a therapeutically recalcitrant disorder characterized by recurrent flares, culminating in severe degradation of patient quality of life. Recent advances in nanozyme-based therapies have demonstrated substantial progress in managing inflammation-associated disorders, with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approving ferumoxytol (iron oxide nanoparticles) for human oral infections. This milestone has highlighted the therapeutic potential of nanozyme-mediated strategies for inflammatory comorbidities including gout. This comprehensive review delineates contemporary advancements in nanozyme-centric therapeutics, with particular emphasis on cutting-edge constructs engineered from monometallic species, metal oxides, carbon quantum dots, and hybrid nanocomposites. We further analyze diverse delivery modalities (administered via intra-articular, intravenous, and oral routes) that mechanistically disrupt gout pathogenesis through urate crystallization inhibition, inflammatory cascade modulation, and articular tissue regeneration. Finally, we critically evaluate the translational barriers impeding nanozyme-based gout therapeutics and propose integrative strategies to bridge preclinical innovation with clinical implementation.