Non-Coding RNA as Biomarkers and Their Role in the Pathogenesis of Gastric Cancer—A Narrative Review
Estera Bakinowska, Kajetan Kiełbowski, Patryk Skórka, Aleksandra Dach, Joanna Olejnik-Wojciechowska, Agata Szwedkowicz, Andrzej Pawlik
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent a broad family of molecules that regulate gene expression, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs, amongst others. Dysregulated expression of ncRNAs alters gene expression, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of several malignancies and inflammatory diseases. Gastric cancer is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death. Studies have found that altered expression of ncRNAs may contribute to tumourigenesis through regulating proliferation, apoptosis, drug resistance and metastasis. This review describes the potential use of ncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, we discuss the involvement of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer, including their interactions with the members of major signalling pathways.