Current Status of Ovarian and Endometrial Biomarkers in Predicting ART Outcomes
Michelle Volovsky, David B. Seifer
Abstract
This review evaluates the role of ovarian and endometrial biomarkers in predicting outcomes in assisted reproductive technology (ART). It highlights established ovarian biomarkers such as the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), alongside emerging ones like growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), connexin, and granulosa cell gene profiles. Additionally, the paper explores endometrial biomarkers such as ERA, BCL6, and immune markers, as well as the potential for genomic and proteomic technologies in customizing implantation. It concludes that while many of these biomarkers show promise, their clinical integration requires rigorous research and validation to confirm their safety and utility in ART.