Cardiac Biomarkers and Subsequent Risk of Hospitalization With Bleeding in the Community: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Lena Mathews, Junichi Ishigami, Ning Ding, Ron C. Hoogeveen, Anna Kucharska‐Newton, Christie M. Ballantyne, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Elizabeth Selvin, Kunihiro Matsushita
Abstract
Background hs‐ cTnT (high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T), but not NT ‐pro BNP (N‐terminal pro–B natriuretic peptide), has been shown to predict bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation. Whether these biomarkers are independently associated with bleeding in the general population is unknown. Methods and Results We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine the association of hs‐ cTnT and NT ‐pro BNP with incident bleeding (defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision [ ICD‐9 ] codes) among 9550 middle‐aged men and women without a history of cardiovascular disease or bleeding. There were 847 hospitalizations with bleeding (92% from gastrointestinal bleeding) during a median follow‐up of 9.0 years. Serum levels of hs‐ cTnT were associated with bleeding in a graded fashion, with a hazard ratio of 1.28 (95% CI , 1.06–1.59) for 6 to <9 ng/L, 1.52 (1.21–1.91) for 9 to <14, and 2.05 (1.56–2.69) for ≥14 versus <3 ng/L. For NT ‐pro BNP , the highest category (≥264 versus <42 pg/ mL ) showed a hazard ratio of 2.00 (1.59–2.61), and the remaining 3 categories had hazard ratios ranging from 1.2 to 1.3. Individuals in the highest category of both hs‐ cTnT and NT ‐pro BNP had a hazard ratio of 3.03 (1.97–4.68) compared with those in the lowest categories. Conclusions In a community‐based population, elevated hs‐ cTnT and NT ‐pro BNP were associated with bleeding‐related hospitalizations. These biomarkers may have a high utility in identifying people at high risk for bleeding. There is a need for research on the underlying mechanisms linking subclinical cardiac abnormalities and bleeding.