1T-VS<sub>2</sub>@V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Synergistic Nanoarchitecture-Based Lamellar Clusters as the High Conductivity Cathodes of Thermal Batteries
Xin-ya Bu, Yanli Zhu, Congjie Wang, Wei Li, Yu Xia, Yong Zhao
Abstract
Thermal batteries are solid-state, thermally activated batteries with long storage times and high reliability. FeS 2 is used as a cathode material commonly, but the high internal resistance and low voltage platform limit the improvement of battery performance. Herein, the 1T-phase vanadium disulfide (VS 2 ) is prepared via the scalable hydrothermal method and applied to thermal battery cathode materials for the first time. 1T-VS 2 lamellar flower clusters have high electronic conductivity (1.583 S cm –1 ) at room temperature, which is 75 times higher than FeS 2 (0.021 S cm –1 ). Mechanism analysis shows that 1T-VS 2 @V 2 O 3 can be formed based on the part of 1T-VS 2 being oxidized to V 2 O 3 at the discharge temperature. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of vanadium sulfide and vanadium oxide as a cathode for thermal batteries enhanced specific capacity (292.4 mA h g –1 ) and mass energy density (572.5 W h kg –1 ) when cutoff voltage is 1 V. Additionally, the discharge results indicate that the cells utilizing 1T-VS 2 cathodes provided a higher voltage platform of 2.11 V than 1.84 V for FeS 2 . This impressive work can offer a good strategy for boosting cathode materials for a high-performance thermal battery.