Concomitant inhibition of TLR-4 and SGLT2 by phloretin and empagliflozin prevents diabetes-associated ischemic acute kidney injury
Vishwadeep Shelke, Ajinath Kale, Neha Dagar, Tahib Habshi, Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
Abstract
samples. The study outcomes revealed that compared to monotherapy, combination therapy of phloretin and empagliflozin was significantly effective. Phloretin and empagliflozin target the HMGB1/TLR4/MyD88/IK-β/α/NF-κB pathway to reduce inflammation and apoptosis, in addition to their antihyperglycemic effect. Thus, phloretin, a natural dietary supplement, as an adjuvant therapy to empagliflozin can be helpful to reduce empagliflozin-associated side effects, by reducing its clinical dose and increasing its therapeutic efficacy in AKI-diabetes comorbidity.
Topics & Concepts
EmpagliflozinPhloretinPharmacologyMedicineAcute kidney injuryKidneyTLR4ChemistryDiabetes mellitusType 2 diabetesInternal medicineEndocrinologyInflammationBiochemistryAdvanced Glycation End Products researchDiabetes Treatment and ManagementHyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients