Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Visualizes an Acidic Tumor Microenvironment
Xiaowei Song, Qingce Zang, Richard N. Zare
Abstract
We report that microdroplet hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) detected by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) allows the measurement of the acidity of a tissue sample. The integration of HDX and DESI-MSI has been applied to visualize the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME). HDX-DESI-MSI enables the simultaneous collection of regional pH variation and its corresponding in-depth metabolomic changes. This technique is a cost-effective tool for providing insight into the pH-dependent tumor metabolism heterogeneity.
Topics & Concepts
ChemistryHydrogen–deuterium exchangeDesorption electrospray ionizationMass spectrometryDesorptionDeuteriumElectrospray ionizationTumor microenvironmentMass spectrometry imagingIonizationAnalytical Chemistry (journal)ChromatographyChemical ionizationPhysical chemistryTumor cellsIonOrganic chemistryAdsorptionCancer researchQuantum mechanicsPhysicsBiologyMass Spectrometry Techniques and ApplicationsAnalytical Chemistry and ChromatographyMicrofluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications