Decoding the Tumor Microenvironment: Exosome-Mediated Macrophage Polarization and Therapeutic Frontiers
Yilin Li, Jiaqi You, Zifang Zou, Guanghao Sun, Yuqing Shi, Yanbin Sun, Shun Xu, Xin Zhang
Abstract
CD8+ T cells, fibroblasts) was also evaluated, which indicated their roles in immune evasion and metastasis. Further, engineering strategies, such as receptor-targeted exosomes and short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi)-based transcriptional silencing, were also discussed as emerging tools to enhance exosome specificity and therapeutic efficacy. This study proposes a roadmap for translating engineered exosomes into clinical immunotherapy regimens by integrating recent advances in spatial omics and artificial intelligence, and also addresses challenges in exosome isolation, stability, and biosafety.
Topics & Concepts
ExosomeMacrophage polarizationTumor microenvironmentMacrophageCancer researchDecoding methodsChemistryCell biologyComputational biologyBiologyMicrovesiclesTumor cellsComputer sciencemicroRNABiochemistryIn vitroGeneTelecommunicationsExtracellular vesicles in disease