Translesion DNA Synthesis and Carcinogenesis
Evgeniy S. Shilkin, Elizaveta O. Boldinova, Anastasia D. Stolyarenko, Р. И. Гончарова, Roman N. Chuprov‐Netochin, Rafil Khairullin, M. P. Smal, Аlena V. Makarova
Abstract
Tens of thousands of DNA lesions are formed in mammalian cells each day. DNA translesion synthesis is the main mechanism of cell defense against unrepaired DNA lesions. DNA polymerases iota (Pol ι), eta (Pol η), kappa (Pol κ), and zeta (Pol ζ) have active sites that are less stringent toward the DNA template structure and efficiently incorporate nucleotides opposite DNA lesions. However, these polymerases display low accuracy of DNA synthesis and can introduce mutations in genomic DNA. Impaired functioning of these enzymes can lead to an increased risk of cancer.
Topics & Concepts
DNA polymeraseDNA polymerase IIDNADNA synthesisCarcinogenesisDNA clampDNA polymerase muDNA damageProliferating cell nuclear antigenPolymeraseMolecular biologyBiologyDNA repairChemistryGeneticsCircular bacterial chromosomeGenePolymerase chain reactionReverse transcriptaseDNA Repair MechanismsCancer Genomics and DiagnosticsGenetic factors in colorectal cancer