Obesity as a risk factor for COVID-19: an overview
Ricardo Wesley Alberca, Luana de Mendonça Oliveira, Anna Cláudia Calvielli Castelo Branco, Nátalli Zanete Pereira, Maria Notomi Sato
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a huge challenge for health-care systems worldwide. Many different risk factors are associated with disease severity, such as older age, diabetes, hypertension, and most recently obesity. The incidence of obesity has been on the rise for the past 25 years, reaching over 2 billion people throughout the world, and obesity itself could be considered a pandemic. In this review, we summarize aspects involved with obesity, such as changes in the immune response, nutritional factors, physiological factors, and the gut-lung axis, that impact the viral response and the COVID-19 prognosis.