Rapid and label-free detection of Aflatoxin-B1 <i>via</i> microfluidic electrochemical biosensor based on manganese (III) oxide (Mn <sub>3</sub> O <sub>4</sub> ) synthesized by co-precipitation route at room temperature
Avinash Kumar Singh, Tarun Kumar Dhiman, G.B.V.S. Lakshmi, Rishi Raj, Sandeep Kumar Jha, Pratima R. Solanki
Abstract
Abstract Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic mycotoxin, naturally occurring in food items, and it causes several types of lethal diseases. Therefore, a rapid and convenient detection method for AFB1 is the first step toward overcoming the effect of AFB1. The current work presents the development of an efficient microfluidic electrochemical-based biosensor using tri-manganese tetroxide nanoparticles (Mn 3 O 4 nps) for AFB1 detection. The Mn 3 O 4 nps were synthesized at room temperature through the co-precipitation route. Its phase purity, structural and morphological studies have been characterized through x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The mask-less UV-lithography was carried out to fabricate the three-electrode chip and microfluidic channel of the microfluidic electrochemical biosensing system. The designed microfluidic immunosensor (BSA/Ab-AFB1/Mn 3 O 4 /ITO) was fabricated using the three-electrode chip, microfluidic channel in poly-dimethyl siloxane. The fabricated sensor exhibited the 3.4 μ A ml ng −1 cm −2 sensitivity and had the lowest lower detection limit of 0.295 pg ml −1 with the detection range of 1 pg ml −1 to 300 ng ml −1 . Additionally, the spiked study was also performed with this immunoelectrode and a recovery rate was obtained of 108.2%.