Topological structure of a Nambu monopole in two-Higgs-doublet models: Fiber bundle, Dirac’s quantization, and a dyon
Minoru Eto, Yu Hamada, Muneto Nitta
Abstract
We find a topologically nontrivial structure of the Nambu monopole in the two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM), which is a magnetic monopole attached by two topologically stable $Z$ strings ($Z$ flux tubes) from two opposite sides. The structure is in sharp contrast to the topological triviality of the Nambu monopole in the Standard Model (SM), which is attached by a single nontopological $Z$ string. It is found that the Nambu monopole in the 2HDM possesses the same fiber-bundle structure as those of the 't Hooft--Polyakov monopole and the Wu-Yang description of the Dirac monopole, as a result of the fact that the electromagnetic gauge field is well defined even inside the strings and is nontrivially fibered around the monopole, while the Nambu monopole in the SM is topologically trivial because electroweak gauge symmetry is restored at the core of the string. Consequently, the Nambu monopole in the 2HDM can be regarded as an embedding of the 't Hooft--Polyakov monopole into the $SU(2{)}_{W}$ gauge symmetry, and the Dirac quantization condition always holds, which is absent for the Nambu monopole in the SM. Furthermore, we construct a dyon configuration attached with the two strings.