Atomically Dispersed Manganese on a Carbon-Based Material for the Capture of Gaseous Mercury: Mechanisms and Environmental Applications
Jiaxing Li, Haomiao Xu, Yong Liao, Yixiang Qiu, Naiqiang Yan, Zan Qu
Abstract
A novel, atomically dispersed carbon-based sorbent was synthesized by anchoring manganese atoms with N atoms for the capture of gaseous elemental Hg (Hg0). Oxygen atoms were also introduced into the synthesis process to adjust the oxidizing ability of the Mn atoms. High-valence Mn (Mn4+) anchored by the O and N atoms (Mn–O/N–C) in the carbon-based materials provided more exposed active sites. The mercury removal efficiency of the composite exceeded 99%. The composite with a Mn loading of 0.9 wt % exhibited high affinity for Hg0, and the capacity for Hg0 adsorption within 275 min at room temperature reached 16.95 mg·g–1. The Mn utilization was ∼56.61%, which is much larger than that of reported Mn-based oxide sorbents. The atomic-level distribution of Mn was well evidenced by aberration-corrected high-angle annular darkfield scanning transmission electron microscopy. Density functional theory calculations were conducted to evaluate the energy for adsorption of Hg0 on Mn–O/N–C. The results indicated that the amount of N and O atoms in the Mn coordination environment determined the Hg0 adsorption energy, and the presence of five optimized Mn adsorption structures in Mn–O/N–C was confirmed by Hg temperature-programmed desorption analysis. These materials may be utilized for mercury removal from disposal sites with high concentrations of mercury, broken mercury-containing lamps, or mercurial thermometers. The strategy of atomic dispersion during synthesis of the materials and adjusting the oxidizing ability in the single-atom strategy may be helpful for the development of environmentally benign functional materials.