Holographic thermodynamics requires a chemical potential for color
Manus R. Visser
Abstract
The thermodynamic Euler equation for high-energy states of large-$N$ gauge theories is derived from the dependence of the extensive quantities on the number of colors $N$. This Euler equation relates the energy of the state to the temperature, entropy, number of degrees of freedom and its chemical potential, but not to the volume or pressure. In the context of the gauge/gravity duality we show that the Euler equation is dual to the generalized Smarr formula for black holes in the presence of a negative cosmological constant. We also match the fundamental variational equation of thermodynamics to the first law of black hole mechanics, when extended to include variations of the cosmological constant and Newton's constant.
Topics & Concepts
PhysicsEquation of stateThermodynamicsEntropy (arrow of time)First law of thermodynamicsEuler equationsFundamental thermodynamic relationEuler's formulaSecond law of thermodynamicsBlack hole thermodynamicsCosmological constantClassical mechanicsThermodynamic potentialLaws of thermodynamicsThermodynamic equationsTheoretical physicsMathematicsNon-equilibrium thermodynamicsMathematical analysisBlack Holes and Theoretical PhysicsCosmology and Gravitation TheoriesAstrophysical Phenomena and Observations