Dolaflexin: A Novel Antibody–Drug Conjugate Platform Featuring High Drug Loading and a Controlled Bystander Effect
Aleksandr V. Yurkovetskiy, Natalya D. Bodyak, Mao Yin, Joshua D. Thomas, Susan M. Clardy, Patrick R. Conlon, Cheri A. Stevenson, Alex Uttard, LiuLiang Qin, Dmitry R. Gumerov, Elena Ter‐Ovanesyan, Charlie Bu, Alex J. Johnson, Venu R. Gurijala, Dennis J. McGillicuddy, Michael J. DeVit, Laura L. Poling, Marina Protopopova, Ling Xu, Qingxiu Zhang, Peter U. Park, Donald A. Bergstrom, Timothy B. Lowinger
Abstract
Abstract After significant effort over the last 30 years, antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) have recently gained momentum as a therapeutic modality, and nine ADCs have been approved by the FDA to date, with additional ADCs in late stages of development. Here, we introduce dolaflexin, a novel ADC technology that overcomes key limitations of the most common ADC platforms with two key features: a higher drug-to-antibody ratio and a novel auristatin with a controlled bystander effect. The novel, cell permeable payload, auristatin F-hydroxypropylamide, undergoes metabolic conversion to the highly potent, but less cell permeable auristatin F to balance the bystander effect through drug trapping within target cells. We conducted studies in mice, rats, and cynomolgus monkeys to complement in vitro characterization and contrasted the performance of dolaflexin with regard to antitumor activity, pharmacokinetic properties, and safety in comparison with the ADC platform utilized in the approved ADC ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). A HER2-targeted dolaflexin ADC was shown to have a much lower threshold of antigen expression for potent cell killing in vitro, was effective in vivo in tumors with low HER2 expression, and induced tumor regressions in a xenograft model that is resistant to T-DM1.