Warfarin Pharmacogenomics in the Era of Precision Medicine: Persistent Underrepresentation of Non-European Ancestries and Implications for Global Health Equity

Abstract

Warfarin has continued to be the leading vitamin K-dependent oral anticoagulant around the globe since its introduction in 1954. Its dosing is notoriously difficult because the medication has a very small therapeutic range and shows broad variability in dose needs across individuals, which has made it one of the most extensively investigated drugs in genotype–phenotype research. Yet, the majority of this work has focused on Asian and White cohorts, resulting in a pharmacogenomic evidence base th

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