Label‐Free Electrochemiluminescence Imaging of Single‐Cell Adhesions by Using Bipolar Nanoelectrode Array
Xiang Qin, Hua‐Jiang Jin, Xiuxiu Li, Jian Li, Jianbin Pan, Kang Wang, Songqin Liu, Jing‐Juan Xu, Xing‐Hua Xia
Abstract
A label-free and fast approach for positive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging of single cells by bipolar nanoelectrode array is proposed. The reduction of oxygen at a platinized gold nanoelectrode array in a closed bipolar electrochemical system is coupled with an oxidative ECL process at the anodic side. For elevating the ECL imaging contrast of single cells, a driving voltage of -2.0 V is applied to in situ generate oxygen confined beneath cells that is subsequently used for ECL imaging at 1.1 V. High oxygen concentration in the confined space resulting from steric hindrance generates prominent oxygen reduction current at the cathodic side and higher ECL intensity at the anodic side, allowing positive ECL imaging of the cells adhesion region with excellent contrast. Cell morphology and adhesion strength can be successfully imaged with high image acquisition rate. This approach opens a new avenue for label-free imaging of single cells.