Inhibition of <i>S. aureus</i> Infection of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) by Trehalose‐ and Glucose‐Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles
Yimeng Li, Nicholas Ariotti, Behnaz Aghaei‐Ghareh‐Bolagh, Elvis Pandžić, Sylvia Ganda, Mark Willcox, Manuel Sánchez-Félix, Martina H. Stenzel
Abstract
Microbial adhesion to host cells represents the initial step in the infection process. Several methods have been explored to inhibit microbial adhesion including the use of glycopolymers based on mannose, galactose, sialic acid and glucose. These sugar receptors are, however, abundant in the body, and are not unique to bacteria. Trehalose, in contrast, is a unique disaccharide that is widely expressed by microbes. This carbohydrate has not yet been explored as an anti-adhesive agent. Herein, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated with trehalose-based polymers were prepared and compared to glucose-functionalized AuNPs and examined for their ability to prevent binding to endothelial cells. Acting as anti-adhesive agents, trehalose-functionalized NPs decreased the binding of S. aureus to HUVECs, while outperforming the control NPs. Microscopy revealed that trehalose-coated NPs bound strongly to S. aureus compared to the controls. In conclusion, nanoparticles based on trehalose could be a non-toxic alternative to inhibit S. aureus infection.