Recent Progress in Electrochemical Biosensors Based on DNA-functionalized Nanomaterials
Yiruo Yu, Duo Chen, Yanbing Yang, Quan Yuan
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors are characterized by rapid response, miniaturization, portability, and ease of operation. With tunable nanostructure, DNA has been comprehensively combined with electrochemical devices to design high-sensitivity and selectivity biosensors for the achievement of disease diagnosis, food safety, and environmental monitoring. In recent years, DNA-functionalized electrochemical biosensors have made significant research progress. In this article, the recent research progress of DNA-functionalized electrochemical biosensors for <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> disease diagnosis was reviewed. The structure and sensing principles of DNA-functionalized electrochemical biosensors were first summarized. The preparation of DNA-functionalized electrochemical biosensors based on nanomaterials was introduced in detail. Meanwhile, the latest evolution of integrated and portable DNA-functionalized electrochemical biosensors for <i>in vitro</i> disease diagnosis was summarized. For a further step, the construction of implantable DNA-functionalized electrochemical biosensors for <i>in vivo</i> and real-time disease monitoring was overviewed. Finally, the challenges and outlook of DNA-functionalized electrochemical biosensors were discussed to provide a guideline for the future development of DNA-functionalized electrochemical biosensors.