Enhanced Parkinson’s Disease Tremor Severity Classification by Combining Signal Processing with Resampling Techniques
Ghayth AlMahadin, Ahmad Lotfi, Marie Mc Carthy, Philip Breedon
Abstract
Abstract Tremor is an indicative symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Healthcare professionals have clinically evaluated the tremor as part of the Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS) which is inaccurate, subjective and unreliable. In this study, a novel approach to enhance the tremor severity classification is proposed. The proposed approach is a combination of signal processing and resampling techniques; over-sampling, under-sampling and a hybrid combination. Resampling techniques are integrated with well-known classifiers, such as artificial neural network based on multi-layer perceptron (ANN-MLP) and random forest (RF). Advanced metrics are calculated to evaluate the proposed approaches such as area under the curve (AUC), geometric mean (Gmean) and index of balanced accuracy (IBA). The results show that over-sampling techniques performed better than other resampling techniques, also hybrid techniques performed better than under-sampling techniques. The proposed approach improved tremor severity classification significantly and show that the best approach to classify tremor severity is the combination of ANN-MLP with Borderline SMOTE which has obtained 93.81% overall accuracy, 96% Gmean, 91% IBA and 99% AUC. Besides, it is found that different resampling techniques performed differently with different classifiers.