Lands’ Cycle at the Crossroads: Phospholipid Remodelling, Oxidative Stress, Cellular Toxicity, and Therapeutic Targeting
Airam Roggero, Marcos Hikari Toyama, Sergio F. Sousa
Abstract
The Lands cycle is a fundamental process for the continuous renewal of phospholipids in cell membranes, directly influencing their fluidity and functionality. This cycle is particularly active in tissues such as the nervous and immune systems and is crucial for cellular homeostasis. It is implicated in the development of inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and cancerous diseases. The present review discusses the biochemical regulation of the Lands cycle─focusing on phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and lysophospholipid acyltransferase (LPCAT)─and its impact on lipid metabolism, cell signaling, and disease. Dysregulation of this cycle has been linked to pathological conditions, including oncogenesis and hepatotoxicity. This suggests that modulation of the cycle may have an effect on inflammatory responses and tumor resistance. Advances in the fields of lipidomics and computational modeling have resulted in a more comprehensive understanding of the Lands cycle, thereby emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic target.