Advances in microwave absorbing and shielding materials: the role of zero-dimensional carbon nanoparticles
Veena Venugopal, Siva Kumar Belliraj, Dhanesh G. Kurup, Sai Manohar Thota
Abstract
Traditional absorbers like ferrites and magnetite degrade over time due to material limitations, such as Snoek’s limit. The emergence of composite dielectric and magnetic materials has overcome the challenges of conventional materials through mutual amplification. In recent times, zero-dimensional carbon-based nanoparticles have gained significant attention as a potential nanofiller in microwave absorption materials as well as electromagnetic shielding due to their excellent dielectric properties, large surface areas and much lower dispersion potentials. Acting as connection sites in matrices, zero-dimensional carbon-based nanoparticles enhance electron jumping and migration, thus increasing the losses that are conductive losses within the composite material. This review highlights advancements in microwave absorbing materials and electromagnetic shielding using zero-dimensional carbon-based nanoparticles, focusing on their role in efficient electromagnetic wave attenuation and discussing the synthesis and integration of zero-dimensional carbon-based nanoparticles into various matrices, followed by their potential future research directions and challenging issues in enhancing efficiency based on these cutting-edge materials.