Prediction of heat and mass transfer in radiative hybrid nanofluid with chemical reaction using the least square method: A stability analysis of dual solution
Aqeel ur Rehman, Zaheer Abbas, Jafar Hasnain
Abstract
This analysis aims to investigate the stability of dual solutions for the heat and mass transfer flow of hybrid nanofluid over a stretching/shrinking surface with a uniform shear flow. The impacts of thermal radiation, transpiration, and chemical reaction are also considered in the flow. Gold (Au) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are selected as nanomaterials while engine oil (EO) is chosen to be the base fluid. By applying the similarity transformation technique, the nondimensional differential equations are changed into dimensionless coupled differential equations. The least square method (LSM) is applied to solve the system analytically and obtained the dual solutions in a particular range of stretching/shrinking parameter λ. Due to this, the stability analysis is implemented to ensure that only the first solution is stable. The smallest eigenvalues are computed by utilizing the bvp4c function in Matlab software, where positive eigenvalues are linked with the stable solution while negative eigenvalues are linked with the unstable solution. The impacts of several physical parameters on the governing problem are discussed in detail and displayed in graphical form.