The effect of solvent volume ratio and extraction time on the yield of red dye from sappanwood
Indah Eka Septiani, Andri Cahyo Kumoro, Mohamad Djaeni
Abstract
Abstract Natural red dye from sappanwood (Caesalpinia sappan L) contains brazilin that can be used as an antioxidant source. The dye can be isolated by extraction using a polar solvent such as distilled water. The more water was added, the more extract can be obtained. However, the process cannot be straightforward since the excessive solvent consumes more energy cost in the extract product purification. The study aims to investigate the effect of water to sappanwood ratio and operational time on the effective time for the extraction of red dye from sappanwood assisted by ultrasound vibration. Here, the water to sappanwood ratios were varied from 5:1 to 8:1 at operational temperatures 60°C. With more excessive solvent, the yield of sappanwood extract increased. For example, at 60°C and solvent to sappanwood ratio 8:1, the process yielded 4.0% extract for 15 minutes. Compared to the literature with conventional extraction without ultrasound, this achievement was twofold. Lowering solvent to sappanwood ratio reduced the extract yield, but it will ease in product separation. Furthermore, extending extraction time increased the yield, but after 15 minutes the effect was limited.