Closed-Loop Lithium Recovery from LiFePO<sub>4</sub> Batteries Using Tartaric Acid Leaching
Raffaele Emanuele Russo, Alessio Giampaoli, Martina Fattobene, Paolo Cognigni, Silvia Zamponi, Paolo Conti, Mario Berrettoni, Gabriele Giuli
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide This study investigates the sustainable recovery of lithium from spent LiFePO 4 batteries using tartaric acid derived from agro-food waste. To optimize both leaching and recovery processes, a fractional factorial design was first used to identify the key factors, followed by a central composite design for the process optimization. The optimal conditions, 2.1 M tartaric acid and a solid-liquid ratio of 110 g/L, achieved a lithium leaching efficiency of 95.0% (±2.3). The recovery of tartaric acid for reuse in multiple cycles was also optimized. Validation with real leaching solutions consistently demonstrated high recovery efficiencies with 98.0% (±1.9) of calcium tartrate and 97.7% (±3.6) of lithium phosphate. This study highlights the effectiveness of tartaric acid from agri-food waste for lithium leaching, promoting resource sustainability, and aligning with green chemistry principles. The findings provide a viable and efficient solution for industrial lithium recovery applications.