Enhancing children’s numeracy and executive functions via their explicit integration
Gaia Scerif, Jelena Sučević, Hannah Andrews, Emma Blakey, Sylvia U. Gattas, Amy Godfrey, Zachary Hawes, Steven J. Howard, L. Kent, Rebecca Merkley, Rosie O'Connor, Fionnuala O’Reilly, Victoria Simms
Abstract
Executive functions (EF) are crucial to regulating learning and are predictors of emerging mathematics. However, interventions that leverage EF to improve mathematics remain poorly understood. 193 four-year-olds (mean age = 3 years; 11 months pre-intervention; 111 female, 69% White) were assessed 5 months apart, with 103 children randomised to an integrated EF and mathematics intervention. Our pre-registered hypotheses proposed that the intervention would improve mathematics more than practice as usual. Multi-level modelling and network analyses were applied to the data. The intervention group improved more than the control group in overall numeracy, even when controlling for differences across settings in EF and mathematics-enhancing practices. EF and mathematics measures showed greater interconnectedness post-intervention. In addition, disadvantaged children in the intervention group made greater gains than in the control group. Our findings emphasise the need to consider EFs in their integration with co-developing functions, and in their educational and socio-economic context.