CD206+ tumor-associated macrophages cross-present tumor antigen and drive antitumor immunity
Madhura Modak, Ann-Kathrin Mattes, Daniela Reiss, Wioletta Skrońska-Wąsek, Rebecca Langlois, Nicolas Sabarth, Renate Konopitzky, Fidel Ramírez, Katharina Lehr, Tobias Mayr, David Kind, Coralie Viollet, Lee Kim Swee, Jutta Petschenka, Karim C. El Kasmi, Elfriede Noeßner, Kerstin Kitt, Stefan Pflanz
Abstract
In many solid cancers, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) represent the predominant myeloid cell population. Antigen (Ag) cross-presentation leading to tumor Ag-directed cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses is crucial for antitumor immunity. However, the role of recruited monocyte-derived macrophages, including TAM, as potential cross-presenting cells is not well understood. Here, we show that primary human as well as mouse CD206+ macrophages are effective in functional cross-presentation of soluble self-Ag and non-self-Ag, including tumor-associated Ag (TAA), as well as viral Ag. To confirm the presence of cross-presenting TAM in vivo, we performed phenotypic and functional analysis of TAM from B16-F10 and CT26 syngeneic tumor models and have identified CD11b+F4/80hiCD206+ TAM to effectively cross-present TAA. We show that CD11b+CD206+ TAM represent the dominant tumor-infiltrating myeloid cell population, expressing a unique cell surface repertoire, promoting Ag cross-presentation and Ag-specific CD8+ T cell activation comparable with cross-presenting CLEC9A+ DCs (cDC1). The presence of cross-presenting CD206+ TAM is associated with reduced tumor burden in mouse syngeneic tumor models and with improved overall survival in cutaneous melanoma patients. Therefore, the demonstration of effective Ag cross-presentation capabilities of CD206+ TAM, including their clinical relevance, expands our understanding of TAM phenotypic diversity and functional versatility.