Burden of injury along the development spectrum: associations between the Socio-demographic Index and disability-adjusted life year estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Juanita A. Haagsma, Spencer L James, Chris D Castle, Zachary V Dingels, Jack T Fox, Erin B Hamilton, Zichen Liu, Lydia R Lucchesi, Nicholas L S Roberts, Dillon O Sylte, Oladimeji Adebayo, Alireza Ahmadi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour, Fares Alahdab, Suliman Alghnam, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Rajaa Al‐Raddadi, Ubai Alsharif, Khalid A Altirkawi, Mina Anjomshoa, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Olatunde Aremu, Amit Arora, Hamid Asayesh, Reza Assadi, Ashish Awasthi, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Shivanthi Balalla, Amrit Banstola, Suzanne Barker‐Collo, Till Bärnighausen, Shahrzad Bazargan‐Hejazi, Neeraj Bedi, Masoud Behzadifar, Meysam Behzadifar, Corina Benjet, Derrick Bennett, Isabela M. Benseñor, Soumyadeep Bhaumik, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Ali Bijani, Guilherme Borges, Rohan Borschmann, Dipan Bose, Soufiane Boufous, Alexandra Bražinová, Julio César Campuzano, Rosario Cárdenas, Juan Jesús Carrero, Félix Carvalho, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Ferrán Catalá-López, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Devasahayam Jesudas Christopher, Christopher S. Crowe, Koustuv Dalal, Ahmad Daryani, Dragoş Virgil Daviţoiu, Louisa Degenhardt, Diego De Leo, Jan‐Walter De Neve, Kebede Deribe, Getenet Dessie, Gabrielle deVeber, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Linh Phuong Doan, Kate Dolan, Tim Driscoll, Manisha Dubey, Ziad El‐Khatib, Christian Lycke Ellingsen, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Aman Yesuf Endries, Sharareh Eskandarieh, André Faro, Seyed‐Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Richard C. Franklin, Takeshi Fukumoto, Kebede Embaye Gezae, Tiffany K Gill, Alessandra C. Goulart, Ayman Grada, Yuming Guo, Rahul Gupta, Hassan Haghparast‐Bidgoli, Arvin Haj‐Mirzaian, Arya Haj‐Mirzaian, Randah R Hamadeh, Samer Hamidi, Josep María Haro, Hadi Hassankhani, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Rasmus Havmoeller, Delia Hendrie, Andualem Henok
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The epidemiological transition of non-communicable diseases replacing infectious diseases as the main contributors to disease burden has been well documented in global health literature. Less focus, however, has been given to the relationship between sociodemographic changes and injury. The aim of this study was to examine the association between disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from injury for 195 countries and territories at different levels along the development spectrum between 1990 and 2017 based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates. METHODS: Injury mortality was estimated using the GBD mortality database, corrections for garbage coding and CODEm-the cause of death ensemble modelling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on surveys and inpatient and outpatient data sets for 30 cause-of-injury with 47 nature-of-injury categories each. The Socio-demographic Index (SDI) is a composite indicator that includes lagged income per capita, average educational attainment over age 15 years and total fertility rate. RESULTS: For many causes of injury, age-standardised DALY rates declined with increasing SDI, although road injury, interpersonal violence and self-harm did not follow this pattern. Particularly for self-harm opposing patterns were observed in regions with similar SDI levels. For road injuries, this effect was less pronounced. CONCLUSIONS: The overall global pattern is that of declining injury burden with increasing SDI. However, not all injuries follow this pattern, which suggests multiple underlying mechanisms influencing injury DALYs. There is a need for a detailed understanding of these patterns to help to inform national and global efforts to address injury-related health outcomes across the development spectrum.