An Optimal Energy Management of Grid-Connected Residential Photovoltaic-Wind-Battery System under Step-rate and Time-of-Use Tariffs
Unknown authors
Abstract
This paper explores optimization for energy management for a given residential application. The study proposes an approach that can minimize the utilization of the grid for electricity usage in the load and maximize the sale from renewable energy (photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT)). Besides, the battery storage is permitted to sell the excess power during high price period. A time-of-use (ToU) and step-rate tariffs are incorporated in the model to control the efficiency of the utility grid and also to consider the fluctuation of the electricity price. Therefore, two energy management methodologies are developed to adjust the tariffs for great benefits. Â Various residential feed-in tariffs (FIT) are implemented in order to reach the potential of cost-saving and earn more cost-benefit. A typical Moroccan house, containing a grid-connected PV-WT-Battery system, is used for study validation. On the one hand, simulation results show that the developed energy management strategies are effective in controlling the power sources optimally. On the other hand, applying the method under a greater FIT, a lesser requirement of battery capacity will be performed as well as a maximum cost saving. Then, the model as a Non-Linear Problem (NLP) is compared with another existing optimization approach to ascertain the effectiveness and validity of the algorithm.